{"id":9902,"date":"2025-05-22T10:54:18","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T03:54:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=9902"},"modified":"2025-07-02T09:37:41","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T02:37:41","slug":"diem-hoa-von-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/kien-thuc-kinh-te\/diem-hoa-von-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 l\u00e3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n<\/strong> \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa doanh thu v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0110i\u1ec3m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n (Break-Even Point \u2013 BEP) l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c doanh thu m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u00e3i. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u2013 kinh doanh, \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1ee7i ro. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed \u2013 doanh thu \u2013 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn trong m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, g\u1ed3m ba d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ri\u00eang trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n k\u1ebf to\u00e1n<\/strong> (Accounting Break-Even Point) l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c doanh thu t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn k\u1ebf to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng 0 \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 doanh thu \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00f9 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e3i vay<\/strong> hay chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/strong> (Financial Break-Even Point) m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed l\u00e3i vay. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c doanh thu t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3<\/strong> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thua l\u1ed7 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong> (Economic Break-Even Point) t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i<\/strong> \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 khi ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 ba lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, tr\u00e1nh sai l\u1ec7ch trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: theo s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 theo doanh thu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n theo s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BEP (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb) = Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \/ (Gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u2013 Chi ph\u00ed bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n theo doanh thu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BEP (doanh thu) = Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \/ T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u00ed
Trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u00ed<\/strong> = Gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n \u2013 Chi ph\u00ed bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i
V\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u00ed<\/strong> = S\u1ed1 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u00ed \/ Gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n