{"id":9437,"date":"2025-04-17T15:58:58","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T08:58:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=9437"},"modified":"2025-04-17T15:59:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T08:59:00","slug":"github-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/github-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"GitHub l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi GitHub l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 GitHub, h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n GitHub l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Git.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n V\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, GitHub cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, chia s\u1ebb code v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u00e3, GitHub c\u00f2n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n GitHub kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a Git \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a GitHub g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n GitHub \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008 b\u1edfi Tom Preston-Werner, Chris Wanstrath, PJ Hyett v\u00e0 Scott Chacon. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Git th\u00f4ng qua giao di\u1ec7n web tr\u1ef1c quan. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, GitHub nhanh ch\u00f3ng thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u0103m 2012, GitHub \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed1c 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2018, Microsoft mua l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 7,5 t\u1ef7 USD. Sau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5, GitHub ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 GitHub Actions, Codespaces v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng GitHub \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Git \u2013 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n do Linus Torvalds ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu Git gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, th\u00ec GitHub m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, GitHub cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Repository (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 repo) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed commit v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00ean GitHub \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t repo ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng khai ho\u1eb7c ri\u00eang t\u01b0 t\u00f9y nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Branch cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh (main\/master), gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. Khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng thao t\u00e1c merge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pull Request (PR) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a GitHub. Khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean branch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u1eedi PR \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch trong c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. Fork c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, cho ph\u00e9p sao ch\u00e9p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 repo c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y \u00fd ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Issues l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 theo d\u00f5i l\u1ed7i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c ghi nh\u1eadn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng Wiki gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong repo, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, GitHub Actions cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, build, ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o t\u1eebng l\u1ea7n commit ho\u1eb7c pull request.<\/p>\n\n\n\n GitHub h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (CI) v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (CD) th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GitHub Actions ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Jenkins, CircleCI, Travis CI. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p CI\/CD gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng staging ho\u1eb7c production m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n, nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t gi\u00fap GitHub tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi DevOps v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n GitHub cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eebng repo, t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdc, ghi, duy\u1ec7t PR ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, GitHub c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n (Dependabot), ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e1nh (branch protection) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nGitHub l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a GitHub<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
GitHub ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u00e0o, ai s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a GitHub<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Repository (Repo) v\u00e0 Branch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Pull Request, Merge v\u00e0 Fork<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Issues, Wiki v\u00e0 GitHub Actions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u00edch h\u1ee3p CI\/CD v\u00e0 automation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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