{"id":9434,"date":"2025-04-17T15:00:21","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T08:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=9434"},"modified":"2025-04-17T15:00:23","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T08:00:23","slug":"linux-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/linux-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh, k\u00e9o theo nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edf, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eabn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Linux<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Linux l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Unix, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Linux n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh. V\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i (distribution) kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 Ubuntu, Fedora hay Debian, Linux \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Linux \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, Linux \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Linux v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Linus Torvalds<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Linux b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991 b\u1edfi Linus Torvalds, khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Helsinki, Ph\u1ea7n Lan. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Torvalds ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng UNIX th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi x\u1eed l\u00fd Intel 80386.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thay v\u00ec gi\u1eef ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh, Linus Torvalds \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (kernel) m\u00e0 anh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean internet v\u1edbi l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng tham gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi cho phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf (open source), khi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p, s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng cho nh\u00e2n Linux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh tinh th\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Linux \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Linux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 0.01) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, Linux \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. N\u0103m 1992, gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Linux chuy\u1ec3n sang Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng GNU (GNU GPL), cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u2013 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux nh\u01b0 Slackware, Debian v\u00e0 Red Hat ra \u0111\u1eddi, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y h\u01a1n. Sang nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, Linux b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh, nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Android \u2013 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh di \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00e2n Linux, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Google gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2008. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Android \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Linux \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u00fap kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Linux bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kernel, shell, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp tin v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u00f3i. M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, giao ti\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Linux l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4-\u0111un, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Linux Kernel<\/strong> \u2013 b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng (RAM, CPU, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi), \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kernel ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng trung gian gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shell<\/strong> l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Shell ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong Linux l\u00e0 Bash (Bourne Again Shell). Ngo\u00e0i Shell, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GUI) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng quen v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

File System<\/strong> (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp tin) trong Linux c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c g\u1ed1c \/, ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh ra c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c con nh\u01b0 \/home, \/etc, \/bin, v.v… H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Package Manager<\/strong> (tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u00f3i) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu gi\u00fap c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 apt cho Debian\/Ubuntu, dnf ho\u1eb7c yum cho Fedora\/Red Hat, pacman cho Arch Linux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh (CLI) v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GUI)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Linux h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh (CLI) l\u1eabn giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (GUI), mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLI<\/strong> (Command Line Interface) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ec7p, ch\u1ea1y script ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb xa. Tuy c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen, CLI mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GUI<\/strong> (Graphical User Interface) l\u1ea1i th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1n, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 GNOME, KDE Plasma, Xfce\u2026 C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng thao t\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ec7p tin, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f9y theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux v\u1edbi GUI \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m CLI \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch Linux x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, Linux s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. M\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ID duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 top, htop, ps, kill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, Linux s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n trang v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u1ea3o (Virtual Memory) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng RAM m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf cache v\u00e0 swap \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, Linux t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (User Permission), m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb root, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda iptables, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao nh\u01b0 SELinux ho\u1eb7c AppArmor. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, Linux lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Linux c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, CentOS v\u00e0 Arch Linux \u2013 m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c distro<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Linux l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i (distribution hay \u201cdistro\u201d). M\u1ed7i distro l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00e2n Linux, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u00f3i, giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ubuntu<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Debian, Ubuntu cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fedora<\/strong> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Red Hat t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Fedora h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Debian<\/strong> n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean (nh\u01b0 Ubuntu). D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, Debian l\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CentOS<\/strong> (hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi CentOS Stream) l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arch Linux<\/strong> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e2ng cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo nhu c\u1ea7u. Arch tu\u00e2n theo tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u201cKISS \u2013 Keep It Simple, Stupid\u201d, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n, nh\u1eb9, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt (rolling release).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ubuntu<\/strong>
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>: Giao di\u1ec7n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn.
Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>: T\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fedora<\/strong>
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>: C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.
Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>: Chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ng\u1eafn, thi\u1ebfu \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Debian<\/strong>
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>: \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.
Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>: Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CentOS<\/strong>
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>: \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao, g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng Red Hat nh\u01b0ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho server.
Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>: Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang CentOS Stream khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arch Linux<\/strong>
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>: Linh ho\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i \u0111a, nh\u1eb9, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh.
Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/em>: Kh\u00f3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i phong ph\u00fa, Linux c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Linux \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00fang, si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, IoT, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 DevOps, nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux trong m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, cloud computing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Linux l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ea5p. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux nh\u01b0 Ubuntu Server, CentOS, ho\u1eb7c Debian, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c website s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Apache, Nginx, MySQL v\u00e0 PHP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>, Linux th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf nh\u01b0 PostgreSQL, MariaDB, MongoDB hay Redis. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Linux \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, Linux l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (cloud computing)<\/strong>. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) hay Microsoft Azure \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, m\u00e1y \u1ea3o v\u00e0 container h\u00f3a (Docker, Kubernetes). Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap Linux tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00fang, smartphone, si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, IoT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Linux kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00fang (embedded systems), n\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb9, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1eeb router, m\u00e1y in, TV th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Linux l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Android<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nh\u00e2n Linux, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Linux ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb smartphone v\u00e0 tablet tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong>, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 100% c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong danh s\u00e1ch TOP500 (c\u00e1c si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Linux. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi IoT (Internet of Things)<\/strong>, Linux cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng minh. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 Yocto, OpenWRT hay Raspberry Pi OS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p IoT cho c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng DevOps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Linux l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m khoa h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Linux gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong DevOps v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>, Linux \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Git, Jenkins, Ansible, Terraform v\u00e0 Docker. T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Linux gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh CI\/CD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, staging v\u00e0 production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Linux trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Xem th\u00eam: Tuy\u1ec3n Nh\u00e2n Vi\u00ean Ph\u1ea7n M\u1ec1m<\/a> ta\u0323i Careerlink.vn<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Linux c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m Linux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Linux s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, Linux c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao<\/strong>, nh\u1edd m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt linh ho\u1ea1t, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00e1 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Linux. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, Linux ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n \u00edt t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong>, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00fang. T\u00ednh nh\u1eb9 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p Linux ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i giao di\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n (kernel) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Linux. D\u00f9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m Linux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh, Linux v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Office ho\u1eb7c AutoCAD kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u00e0nh cho Linux. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay th\u1ebf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y qua l\u1edbp gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 Wine, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong>, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong>, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y in \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi, card \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda cao c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Linux \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5m m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Docker, Kubernetes, ho\u1eb7c Ansible, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ea1y Linux tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong>, Linux cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua SSH m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a n\u00e2ng cao th\u00f4ng qua scripting (bash, Python), c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 DevOps hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, Linux v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh Linux v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Linux kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Windows v\u00e0 macOS \u1edf t\u00ednh m\u1edf, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng y\u00eau th\u00edch s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux vs Windows<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y gi\u1eefa Linux v\u00e0 Windows. Linux th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n, cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Windows y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong>, Linux n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Windows, v\u1edbi th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m di\u1ec7t virus \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn<\/strong> c\u1ee7a Linux v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u. Windows c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Microsoft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. Linux ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Windows l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, Linux ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb9, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, linh ho\u1ea1t. Windows l\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux vs macOS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh m\u1edf<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa Linux v\u00e0 macOS. Trong khi Linux l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec macOS l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n do Apple ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Git, Docker, Node.js, Python… Tuy nhi\u00ean, Linux \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng server-side v\u00e0 DevOps nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh s\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. macOS l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng (iOS) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1edd giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a macOS v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m phong ph\u00fa, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u1ea3nh, video, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. Linux tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay th\u1ebf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Linux c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, trong khi macOS mang \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Linux th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1ch c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Linux t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i game tr\u00ean Linux \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1a game hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Linux th\u00f4ng qua n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Steam v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Proton, tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 game th\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, Windows v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linux c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m di\u1ec7t virus kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n. Linux c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u00edt b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng, vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Linux l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf n\u00e0y trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i linh ho\u1ea1t, Linux ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. C\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 theo d\u00f5i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ed Nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh, k\u00e9o theo nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":9435,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[64],"class_list":["post-9434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tu-van-nghe-nghiep","tag-it"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9434"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9436,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9434\/revisions\/9436"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}