{"id":9398,"date":"2025-04-16T11:03:42","date_gmt":"2025-04-16T04:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=9398"},"modified":"2026-03-27T17:21:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T10:21:09","slug":"vuejs-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/vuejs-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"VueJS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi React v\u00e0 Angular"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 web k\u00e9o theo nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi vuejs l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, VueJS tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi front-end hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n VueJS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t framework JavaScript m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web \u0111\u01a1n trang (SPA) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n VueJS ra m\u1eaft l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014 b\u1edfi Evan You \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Google \u2013 VueJS nhanh ch\u00f3ng thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng framework l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Angular hay React, VueJS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cincrementally adoptable\u201d \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, VueJS ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eabn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang c\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, VueJS ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n front-end hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n VueJS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac linh ho\u1ea1t, cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVVM<\/strong> m\u00e0 VueJS \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u00eda sau l\u00e0 Reactivity system<\/strong> v\u00e0 Virtual DOM<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n VueJS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh MVVM (Model \u2013 View \u2013 ViewModel), gi\u00fap t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 logic x\u1eed l\u00fd. Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, Model \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, View l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ra giao di\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n ViewModel \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u2013 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa Model v\u00e0 View th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c hai chi\u1ec1u (two-way data binding).<\/p>\n\n\n\n VueJS hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vue Instance, n\u01a1i khai b\u00e1o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, Vue s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thao t\u00e1c DOM th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, gi\u00fap m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c cao nh\u01b0 form, dashboard hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a VueJS l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (reactivity) \u2013 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt giao di\u1ec7n khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Khi b\u1ea1n khai b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh trong data, Vue s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c getter\/setter \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ctheo d\u00f5i\u201d thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, giao di\u1ec7n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft th\u00eam logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, VueJS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Virtual DOM \u2013 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a DOM th\u1ef1c \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng khi thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n. Thay v\u00ec c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong DOM, Vue s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Virtual DOM, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00ean DOM th\u1eadt. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi x\u1eed l\u00fd giao di\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi VueJS, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 Vue Instance<\/strong>, Template syntax<\/strong>, Directives<\/strong>, Computed properties<\/strong> v\u00e0 Watchers<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean thao t\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vue Instance<\/strong> l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng VueJS. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n giao di\u1ec7n. M\u1ed7i Vue Instance g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t DOM element v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i component Vue \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/strong> \u2013 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7. Vue cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c hook nh\u01b0 V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda Vue Instance v\u00e0 lifecycle hooks<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n html<\/p>\n\n\n\n <div <\/div javascript<\/p>\n\n\n\n new VueJS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p template r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 giao di\u1ec7n HTML m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan. Trong c\u00e1c template, Vue cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00fang bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c JavaScript \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p Ngo\u00e0i ra, Vue cung c\u1ea5p directives<\/strong> \u2013 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nVueJS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 MVVM v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch VueJS \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf reactivity v\u00e0 Virtual DOM trong VueJS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong VueJS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Vue Instance v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a component<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
created()<\/code>, mounted()<\/code>, updated()<\/code> hay destroyed()<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>id=<\/code>“app”><\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code><p>{{ message }}<\/code><\/p><\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n><\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>Vue({<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>el: <\/code>‘#app’,<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>data: {<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>message: <\/code>‘Xin ch\u00e0o VueJS!’<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n },<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>created() {<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>console.<\/code>log(<\/code>‘Component v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o’);<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n },<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>mounted() {<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>console.<\/code>log(<\/code>‘Component \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o DOM’);<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n },<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>updated() {<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>console.<\/code>log(<\/code>‘D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, DOM c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt’);<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n },<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>destroyed() {<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/code>console.<\/code>log(<\/code>‘Component \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7’);<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n }<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n});<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\nTemplate syntax v\u00e0 directives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
{{ }}<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb component ra giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\nv-<\/code> nh\u01b0 v-if<\/code>, v-for<\/code>, v-bind<\/code>, v-model<\/code> \u2013 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a DOM m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n