{"id":9384,"date":"2025-04-15T15:48:49","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T08:48:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=9384"},"modified":"2025-04-15T15:48:51","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T08:48:51","slug":"cypress-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/cypress-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Cypress l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean front-end"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi Cypress l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Cypress<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cypress l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Cypress l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t framework ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed end-to-end cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Cypress kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Selenium, Cypress th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u00ean trong tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea1y test, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh debug. V\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng JavaScript, Cypress \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean front-end \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi React, Vue ho\u1eb7c Angular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i Cypress<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cypress kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n front-end hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1edd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00fap Cypress tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Cypress l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh npm install cypress<\/code> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft test m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hay c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Selenium. Cypress ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng minh, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng reload v\u00e0 time-travel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cypress h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng reload khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda test. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng time-travel cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u201cquay l\u1ea1i\u201d t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c thi test \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a DOM v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch debug truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 debug hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cypress cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c test case. M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng k\u00e8m theo log chi ti\u1ebft, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u2013 \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u1edbn gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c tester d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t sinh l\u1ed7i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ebft test b\u1eb1ng JavaScript hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong Cypress \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng JavaScript \u2013 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean front-end. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a JavaScript v\u00e0 Node.js. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, h\u00e0m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 (async), v\u00e0 API r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft test tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edch h\u1ee3p CI\/CD thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cypress h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh CI\/CD th\u00f4ng qua d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh YAML. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins hay CircleCI. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea1y test tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng headless, Cypress \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng production, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Cypress c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn Cypress ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eabn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Node.js<\/strong> v\u00e0 npm (Node Package Manager)<\/strong> \u2013 hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i JavaScript. Cypress t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Windows, macOS v\u00e0 Linux. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 Git v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng IDE (nh\u01b0 Visual Studio Code) \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Cypress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Cypress, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1edf terminal v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh sau trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

bash<\/p>\n\n\n\n

npm install cypress --save-dev<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e0i Cypress nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00eam v\u00e0o file package.json<\/code>. Sau khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf giao di\u1ec7n Cypress b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

bash<\/p>\n\n\n\n

npx cypress open<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 Cypress Test Runner s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y test case \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi m\u1edf Cypress, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c cypress\/e2e<\/code>. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t file test m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 homepage.cy.js<\/code>, v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

javascript<\/p>\n\n\n\n

describe(<\/code>‘Trang ch\u1ee7’, <\/code>() => {<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  <\/code>it(<\/code>‘Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1’, <\/code>() => {<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    cy.<\/code>visit(<\/code>‘https:\/\/example.com’);<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    cy.<\/code>title().<\/code>should(<\/code>‘include’, <\/code>‘Example Domain’);<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  });<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

});<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea1y file test n\u00e0y trong Test Runner v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t k\u00e8m theo log chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c trong Cypress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cypress s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e2e\/<\/code>: ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c file ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

fixtures\/<\/code>: l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1eabu (d\u1ea1ng JSON) d\u00f9ng trong test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

support\/<\/code>: ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u00e0m d\u00f9ng chung ho\u1eb7c custom commands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cypress.config.js<\/code>: file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Cypress, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh base URL, timeout, viewport, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec khi quy m\u00f4 t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Xem th\u00eam: Tuy\u1ec3n D\u1ee5ng Web Developer<\/a> ta\u0323i Careerlink.vn<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh Cypress v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Cypress ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed giao di\u1ec7n web, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Selenium hay Playwright \u2013 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh Cypress vs Selenium<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Selenium l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed web truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (Java, Python, C#, v.v.) v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Cypress ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 JavaScript v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Chromium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Cypress l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n lu\u1ed3ng \u2013 gi\u00fap th\u1ef1c thi test nhanh, \u00edt b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 debug h\u01a1n. Selenium ch\u1ea1y qua tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (driver) n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DOM. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi front-end hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Cypress l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, Selenium v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh Cypress vs Playwright<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Playwright l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Microsoft, c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed end-to-end v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng JavaScript\/TypeScript nh\u01b0 Cypress. \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Playwright l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 (Chromium, Firefox, WebKit) v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng headless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So v\u1edbi Playwright, Cypress c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c quan h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m debug d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Playwright l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec1u tab, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111a ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd API m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Cypress<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, Cypress v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Cypress trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c \u0111a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a tab v\u00e0 \u0111a browser nh\u01b0 Selenium<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Cypress l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u tab tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edf li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1edf tab m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 pop-up tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Cypress ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Chromium v\u00e0 Firefox, ch\u01b0a t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi Safari hay Internet Explorer nh\u01b0 Selenium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Chromium<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam Firefox, Cypress v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Chromium. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201ctest pass nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i\u201d khi tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Safari ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed back-end ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ee9c API chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cypress \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (UI) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t, v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed back-end ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 g\u1eedi request t\u1edbi API, nh\u01b0ng khi c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1edf t\u1ea7ng server ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Postman, JMeter ho\u1eb7c RestAssured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Cypress<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cypress kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hay th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c startup \u0111\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Cypress nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n front-end (React, Vue, Angular)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng JavaScript, Cypress \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng front-end ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c framework ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 React, Vue ho\u1eb7c Angular. T\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m tra giao di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c minh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c trang, Cypress \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t th\u1eadt, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong quy tr\u00ecnh DevOps \u2013 CI\/CD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cypress \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh DevOps nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea1y test qua d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CI\/CD nh\u01b0 GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins hay CircleCI. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi ngay sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n push code ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o pull request. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u1ed7i l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong QA automation team<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, Cypress l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 test t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. QA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o test case nhanh ch\u00f3ng, chia s\u1ebb k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00f4ng qua Git, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 test \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi log v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u0169ng gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi Cypress l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u1ee3i m\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, Cypress c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m r\u00fat ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ed Nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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