{"id":9035,"date":"2025-03-21T15:49:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-21T08:49:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=9035"},"modified":"2025-03-21T15:49:45","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T08:49:45","slug":"ci-cd-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/ci-cd-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"CI\/CD l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro tri\u1ec3n khai, CI\/CD l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. V\u1eady l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"CI\/CD<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD (Continuous Integration\/Continuous Delivery ho\u1eb7c Continuous Deployment) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CI (Continuous Integration – T\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p code th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chung, k\u00e8m theo ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CD c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng: Continuous Delivery<\/strong> (Chuy\u1ec3n giao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng staging \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 Continuous Deployment<\/strong> (Tri\u1ec3n khai li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) cho ph\u00e9p tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean production sau khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a CI\/CD trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u1edd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai, CI\/CD c\u0169ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p code. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn theo nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai & c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a CI\/CD<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pipeline CI\/CD ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pipeline trong CI\/CD l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u1eeb l\u00fac c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Pipeline c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m ba b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Build<\/strong>
Sau khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea9y code m\u1edbi l\u00ean kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (nh\u01b0 Git), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc build. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Test<\/strong>
Sau khi build th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb (unit test), ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (integration test), ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu code c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, pipeline s\u1ebd d\u1eebng ngay t\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deploy<\/strong>
N\u1ebfu code v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng staging ho\u1eb7c production. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pipeline gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery v\u00e0 Continuous Deployment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Continuous Integration (CI)<\/strong>
L\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a code v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chung (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n). M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c build v\u00e0 test t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a CI l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n code th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continuous Delivery (CD)<\/strong>
L\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a CI. Sau khi m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng staging ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng production. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean production v\u1eabn do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd kh\u00e2u tri\u1ec3n khai cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continuous Deployment (CD)<\/strong>
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao nh\u1ea5t. Sau khi code v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng production m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh nhanh, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao trong kh\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf CI\/CD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai CI\/CD trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/strong>
Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, staging v\u00e0 production m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong>
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Git \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1ed7i thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 CI\/CD ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong>
T\u00f9y v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI\/CD, CircleCI\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng pipeline. M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang, t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf pipeline t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/strong>
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong pipeline: ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, tri\u1ec3n khai\u2026 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01a1n tru v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>
C\u00e1c b\u00e0i test (unit test, integration test, end-to-end test\u2026) s\u1ebd l\u00e0 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi code \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/strong>
K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i pipeline v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00eanh th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 email, Slack \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t pipeline \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 7: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong>
Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, c\u1ea7n xem l\u1ea1i pipeline, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a CI\/CD<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u01b0u, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a CI\/CD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/strong>
Nh\u1edd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc build, test v\u00e0 deploy, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb l\u00fac vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1eb1ng gi\u1edd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong>
C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong pipeline gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ee7i ro khi code m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i ngay t\u1eeb s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khi l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/strong>
CI\/CD gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1edd quy tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i hay b\u1ed5 sung t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra ngay khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3m g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong>
Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong>
V\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, CI\/CD gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00edt l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a CI\/CD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 (legacy systems)<\/strong>
Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 CI\/CD. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao<\/strong>
\u0110\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai CI\/CD, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pipeline ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c startup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao<\/strong>
CI\/CD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/strong>
CI\/CD y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quen l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u1ed1n coi tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sai l\u1ea7m<\/strong>
N\u1ebfu pipeline \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o production m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, CI\/CD c\u1ea7n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD v\u00e0 Agile \u2013 M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD v\u00e0 Agile th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t. Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Agile?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Agile l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m linh ho\u1ea1t, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ng\u1eafn (sprint), ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i s\u1edbm t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. CI\/CD l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c thi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>
CI\/CD gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i sprint c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n build ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/strong>
Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1eadn k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o sprint ti\u1ebfp theo, t\u1ea1o ra chu tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong>
Agile khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i linh ho\u1ea1t, c\u00f2n CI\/CD \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai an to\u00e0n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c<\/strong>
Agile \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t release cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 sai s\u00f3t. CI\/CD gi\u00fap t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, CI\/CD ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap Agile kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh CI\/CD v\u1edbi Waterfall \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Waterfall (th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc) l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo quy tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u2192 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2192 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u2192 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u2192 tri\u1ec3n khai. Ch\u1ec9 khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi CI\/CD, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c vs. t\u00ednh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Waterfall ch\u1ec9 tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Agile, cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i linh ho\u1ea1t trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Waterfall th\u00ec kh\u00f3 th\u00edch nghi, v\u00ec m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n. Waterfall th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 n\u0103m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi CI\/CD, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa s\u1edbm nh\u1edd ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong Waterfall, l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i quy tr\u00ecnh, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai s\u00f3t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Waterfall ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng CI\/CD trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nhanh. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Enterprise Software)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. CI\/CD gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, tri\u1ec3n khai nhanh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (Machine Learning)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c AI, vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai pipeline ML c\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. CI\/CD gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Internet v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt (IoT)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT, vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt firmware ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb xa l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. CI\/CD gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt di\u1ec5n ra an to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 rollback khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cloud vs. On-premises<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u00ean d\u00f9ng CI\/CD tr\u00ean cloud:<\/strong> V\u1edbi c\u00e1c startup ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u1ea7n linh ho\u1ea1t, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 GitHub Actions, GitLab SaaS, AWS CodePipeline r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u00ean d\u00f9ng CI\/CD on-premises: <\/strong>V\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ri\u00eang ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, quy m\u00f4 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Case study v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng CI\/CD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Netflix<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Netflix l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng CI\/CD \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 Spinnaker \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n build m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u00ean production m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh CI\/CD gi\u00fap Netflix nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Google<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, Google s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CI\/CD \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Google duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 Gmail, YouTube, Google Maps\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Facebook<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Facebook s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CI\/CD ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong ng\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c pipeline t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a r\u1ee7i ro. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y CI\/CD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 CI\/CD<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi tri\u1ec3n khai CI\/CD, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn k\u00e8m gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continuous Delivery v\u00e0 Continuous Deployment kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong>
C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pipeline t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai cu\u1ed1i. Continuous Delivery c\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean production, c\u00f2n Continuous Deployment th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CI\/CD c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng g\u00ec?<\/strong>
CI\/CD y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 DevOps engineer c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 Git, vi\u1ebft script, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 CI\/CD (nh\u01b0 Jenkins, GitHub Actions), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c container (Docker, Kubernetes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, CI\/CD l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p khi mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng CI\/CD \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ea1y theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ed Nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro tri\u1ec3n khai, CI\/CD l\u00e0 g\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":9036,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[64],"class_list":["post-9035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tu-van-nghe-nghiep","tag-it"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9035","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9035"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9035\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9037,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9035\/revisions\/9037"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}