{"id":17370,"date":"2026-04-13T14:58:26","date_gmt":"2026-04-13T07:58:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=17370"},"modified":"2026-05-28T12:08:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T05:08:22","slug":"6-nghiep-vu-ngan-hang-thuong-mai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/6-nghiep-vu-ngan-hang-thuong-mai","title":{"rendered":"6 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (Commercial Bank) l\u00e0 trung gian t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ed5ng quan 6 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2013 Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n (Deposit Mobilization): thu h\u00fat ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi t\u1eeb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n \u2013 Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (Credit Operations): cho vay v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n \u2013 Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n (Payment Services): chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n, thanh to\u00e1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n \u2013 Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n qu\u1ef9 (Treasury Operations): qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n \u2013 Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 kinh doanh ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i (Foreign Exchange): mua b\u00e1n ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7.<\/p>\n \u2013 Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh (Bank Guarantee): cam k\u1ebft t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh thay cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n Huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n (Deposit Mobilization) l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thu h\u00fat ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng 2024 (Lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 32\/2024\/QH15), ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi, tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng; v\u00e0 vay v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (State Bank of Vietnam — SBV) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2013 Ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n (Demand Deposit): kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2013 Ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n (Time Deposit): g\u1eedi theo th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2013 Ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m (Savings Deposit): d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2013 Ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1: ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi (Certificate of Deposit — CD), tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ed5ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t 70-80%. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (Credit Operations) l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn doanh thu t\u1eeb l\u00e3i. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cho vay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng, kho\u1ea3n ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u00ean l\u00e3i r\u00f2ng (Net Interest Margin — NIM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao g\u1ed3m cho vay ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (mua nh\u00e0, mua xe, t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p), cho vay s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p, cho vay d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u th\u01b0\u01a1ng phi\u1ebfu. M\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3n vay \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n1. Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2. Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n