{"id":16410,"date":"2026-04-07T13:59:40","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T06:59:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=16410"},"modified":"2026-05-19T17:29:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T10:29:15","slug":"shareholder-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/shareholder-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Shareholder l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ty"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Shareholder l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng (Shareholder), ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi stakeholder th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2013 Shareholder (C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng) l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n \u2013 Theo Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p 2020, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh: c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i.<\/p>\n \u2013 Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 115 v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 119 Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p 2020.<\/p>\n \u2013 Shareholder kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi stakeholder \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u1ed1n c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n Shareholder (C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng) l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n. Theo kho\u1ea3n 3 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p 2020, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ni\u00eam y\u1ebft t\u1ea1i HOSE v\u00e0 HNX c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (UBCKNN) v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin. C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n trong c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n.” \u2013 Tr\u00edch kho\u1ea3n 3 \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p 2020.<\/p>\n\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Lu\u1eadt Doanh nghi\u1ec7p 2020 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n s\u1edf h\u1eefu. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ri\u00eang, k\u00e9o theo c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tham gia qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi r\u00f3t v\u1ed1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n1. Shareholder l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n\n
2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng trong c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng<\/th> \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th> Quy\u1ec1n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp (Founding Shareholder)<\/td> S\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u00ean trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/td> N\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 20% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/td><\/tr> C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng (Common Shareholder)<\/td> S\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u1ed1n<\/td> Bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng, nh\u1eadn c\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c, chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do<\/td><\/tr> C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft<\/td> S\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/td> Quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft cao, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td><\/tr> C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c<\/td> S\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td> Nh\u1eadn c\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft<\/td><\/tr> C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i<\/td> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ty ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ghi tr\u00ean c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/td> \u01afu ti\u00ean ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 h\u1ecdp<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n