{"id":15298,"date":"2026-03-26T16:21:46","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T09:21:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=15298"},"modified":"2026-04-10T15:02:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T08:02:21","slug":"hvac-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/hvac-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"HVAC L\u00e0 G\u00ec? T\u00ecm Hi\u1ec3u H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng S\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea4m, Th\u00f4ng Gi\u00f3 V\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u H\u00f2a Kh\u00f4ng Kh\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9o theo nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trung t\u00e2m t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt. V\u1eady HVAC l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0103n \u0111\u00f3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC \u2013 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh v\u1ec1 HVAC:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 HVAC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning \u2013 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u2013 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

\u2013 M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 10\u201320 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edbi ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 30\u201360 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

1. HVAC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

HVAC l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft trong ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning \u2013 t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n (MEP \u2013 Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a HVAC l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, an to\u00e0n cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Heating (s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, b\u01a1m nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng gian trong m\u00f9a l\u1ea1nh. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ventilation (th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3) \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, l\u1ecdc b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 (ductwork) v\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Air Conditioning (\u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi gas l\u1ea1nh (refrigerant) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00fat \u1ea9m, gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00e1t m\u1ebb trong m\u00f9a n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, do kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Sa Pa hay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u1ea3 ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers).<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC (HVAC Engineer) c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

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Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/th>\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Chiller (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh trung t\u00e2m)<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/td>\nT\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VRV\/VRF (Variable Refrigerant Volume\/Flow)<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gas tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ecdn<\/td>\nKh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, c\u0103n h\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Split\/Multi-split<\/td>\nC\u1ee5c n\u00f3ng \u2013 c\u1ee5c l\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p<\/td>\nNh\u00e0 \u1edf, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m nh\u1ecf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AHU (Air Handling Unit)<\/td>\nX\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eadp trung: l\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh\/s\u01b0\u1edfi, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m<\/td>\nNh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch (cleanroom), b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FCU (Fan Coil Unit)<\/td>\nThi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb chiller, qu\u1ea1t th\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e1t<\/td>\nPh\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh \/ nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh<\/a><\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c HVAC th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

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L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn HVAC v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. HVAC l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u01b0\u1edfi, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u2013 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ASHRAE ho\u1eb7c TCVN.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

3. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0nh HVAC<\/h2>\n

Ng\u00e0nh HVAC m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean thi c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c HVAC c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n t\u1ed1t lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0103n \u0111\u00f3n b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh do k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0<\/a> thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf HVAC (HVAC Design Engineer) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1nh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3, ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m AutoCAD MEP ho\u1eb7c Revit MEP theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASHRAE v\u00e0 TCVN 5687:2010 v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi c\u00f4ng (HVAC Site Engineer) theo d\u00f5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 39\/2016\/N\u0110-CP.<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec (HVAC Technician) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n MEP (MEP Project Manager) \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m HVAC, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ng\u00e0nh HVAC c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf m\u1ea3ng kinh doanh \u2013 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (Technical Sales) cho c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Daikin, Carrier, Trane, LG hay Mitsubishi Electric. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt HVAC v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

4. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh HVAC, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n trang b\u1ecb c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1eabn k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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“K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thi c\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c ra c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb s\u1edbm gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.” \u2013 Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u MEP t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u2013 Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc (Thermodynamics), truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (Heat Transfer) v\u00e0 c\u01a1 l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t (Fluid Mechanics) l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 AutoCAD MEP, Revit MEP, HAP (Hourly Analysis Program) c\u1ee7a Carrier ho\u1eb7c Trace 700 c\u1ee7a Trane \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ngh\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh do T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea5p (theo Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p 2014) l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f3m 3 theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 44\/2016\/N\u0110-CP l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Nhi\u1ec7t \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0110H B\u00e1ch khoa TP.HCM (HCMUT), \u0110H B\u00e1ch khoa H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (HUST), \u0110H S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt TP.HCM (HCMUTE) ho\u1eb7c \u0110H C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p TP.HCM (IUH) th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf khi \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty HVAC l\u1edbn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb h\u00e3ng Daikin, Carrier hay Trane c\u0169ng gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

5. M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0nh HVAC t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n

Thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0nh HVAC ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tham gia. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u MEP l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh (HBC), Coteccons, Unicons hay c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n LEED c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/th>\nKinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng tham kh\u1ea3o (tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean HVAC<\/td>\n0\u20132 n\u0103m<\/td>\n8\u201313<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \/ gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t HVAC<\/td>\n1\u20133 n\u0103m<\/td>\n10\u201320<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC c\u1ea5p cao (Senior)<\/td>\n3\u20137 n\u0103m<\/td>\n18\u201330<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n MEP<\/td>\n7+ n\u0103m<\/td>\n30\u201360<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (Technical Director)<\/td>\n10+ n\u0103m<\/td>\n50\u201380+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

Ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n xa v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, Singapore), m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao g\u1ea5p 2\u20133 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

6. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh HVAC<\/h2>\n

Ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh HVAC \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb xu h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xanh, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia HVAC n\u1eafm b\u1eaft s\u1edbm c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013 C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh xanh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gas l\u1ea1nh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (R32, R410A) thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gas g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\u2013 BIM (Building Information Modeling) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o Revit MEP v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111a ng\u00e0nh (MEP coordination) tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng 3D thay v\u00ec b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd 2D truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC th\u00f4ng minh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p IoT (Internet of Things) v\u00e0 AI cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 m\u1edf ra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 (Building Automation Engineer).<\/p>\n

Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Grand View Research, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng HVAC to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n 280 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (data center) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c HVAC trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n trong ng\u00e0nh HVAC, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ecdc Revit MEP v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n LEED. Hai k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u MEP l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u01b0u ti\u00ean tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n 20\u201330% so v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft AutoCAD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

7. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

1. H\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Nhi\u1ec7t \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh, K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt C\u01a1 kh\u00ed, K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ngo\u00e0i ra, sinh vi\u00ean cao \u0111\u1eb3ng ngh\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

2. HVAC kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (Air Conditioning) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC. HVAC bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m (Heating), th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 (Ventilation) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (Air Conditioning), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec t\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

3. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC m\u1edbi ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u01a1ng bao nhi\u00eau?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC m\u1edbi ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 10\u201315 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng t\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u MEP l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c h\u00e3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n k\u00e8m theo ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 HVAC l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cao. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh xanh, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 HVAC c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1eefng s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Minh An<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung trong b\u00e0i mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed5ng quan; c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u HVAC l\u00e0 g\u00ec, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh HVAC t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":15342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[98],"class_list":["post-15298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tu-van-nghe-nghiep","tag-kien-thuc-nganh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15298"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16857,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15298\/revisions\/16857"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}