{"id":14543,"date":"2026-03-24T14:24:53","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:24:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=14543"},"modified":"2026-05-28T12:15:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T05:15:06","slug":"ky-su-xay-dung-va-kien-truc-su-khac-nhau-cho-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/ky-su-xay-dung-va-kien-truc-su-khac-nhau-cho-nao","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? So s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, hai ngh\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (Civil Engineer) v\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 (Architect). Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o<\/strong>, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"K\u1ef9<\/figure>\n
\n

T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng; ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u2013 C\u1ea3 hai ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy (4\u20135 n\u0103m) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 15\/2021\/N\u0110-CP.<\/p>\n

\u2013 M\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m, lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 10\u201330 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 3\u20135 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ngh\u1ec1<\/h2>\n

K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (Civil Engineer) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb m\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc, d\u1ea7m s\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00ean trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 SAP2000, ETABS v\u00e0 Revit Structure \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 (Architect) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh sao cho v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi AutoCAD, Revit Architecture, SketchUp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 render 3D. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, n\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd n\u00ean “gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1” th\u00ec k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

2. So s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ri\u00eang m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\nK\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (Civil Engineer)<\/th>\nKi\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 (Architect)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u20134,5 n\u0103m (ng\u00e0nh K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng)<\/td>\n5 n\u0103m (ng\u00e0nh Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110H B\u00e1ch khoa TP.HCM, \u0110H B\u00e1ch khoa H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0110H X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/td>\n\u0110H Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac TP.HCM, \u0110H Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0110H B\u00e1ch khoa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td>\nNguy\u00ean l\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, quy ho\u1ea1ch, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\nSAP2000, ETABS, Revit Structure, BIM<\/td>\nAutoCAD, Revit Architecture, SketchUp, Lumion, BIM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi c\u00f4ng<\/td>\nT\u01b0 duy th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gian, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng (50\u201370% th\u1eddi gian) + v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng<\/td>\nV\u0103n ph\u00f2ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (70\u201380%) + kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh (3\u20135 n\u0103m KN)<\/strong><\/td>\n12\u201325 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng<\/td>\n15\u201330 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1<\/strong><\/td>\nCh\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \/ thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u (Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 15\/2021\/N\u0110-CP)<\/td>\nCh\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (Lu\u1eadt Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac 2019, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 15\/2021\/N\u0110-CP)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o danh m\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean CareerLin<\/a><\/em><\/strong>k<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 15\/2021\/N\u0110-CP, c\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p III tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng BIM (Building Information Modeling) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 hai ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ed1, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nhau ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

3. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch khoa TP.HCM hay \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 4,5 n\u0103m, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, r\u1ed3i th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau 7\u201310 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia HVAC<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng 5 n\u0103m t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac TP.HCM ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i t\u1eadp thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1edbn t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 t\u1eadp s\u1ef1, l\u00ean ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ch\u00ednh, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eadc th\u1ea1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM \u0111ang d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn, bu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1eabn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\n

“Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1o ra x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.” \u2014 Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

4. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed7i ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1eabn s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ngh\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

\u2013 T\u01b0 duy logic v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ho\u00e0n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\u2013 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao, v\u00ec sai s\u00f3t trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1ea1i nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9:<\/p>\n

\u2013 N\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, ti\u1ec7n nghi.<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, v\u00ec ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u2013 T\u01b0 duy t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u1edbi quy chu\u1ea9n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, phong th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, th\u00edch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n y\u00eau th\u00edch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u00edch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n qua h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

5. Thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n

M\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ngh\u1ec1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 8\u201312 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau 3\u20135 n\u0103m t\u00edch l\u0169y kinh nghi\u1ec7m, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c 12\u201325 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng t\u00f9y v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, kho\u1ea3ng 15\u201330 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf uy t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb m\u1edbi v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1eabn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10\u201315 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BIM, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 h\u1ea1ng I theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 15\/2021\/N\u0110-CP v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ecdc BIM (Revit, Navisworks) ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp s\u1edbm t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u2013 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng portfolio c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u1edbn khi \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

6. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

1. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p k\u00fd h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111\u1ed9i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1eabn tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1edf m\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Hai ngh\u1ec1 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

2. N\u00ean h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ebfu gi\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 to\u00e1n l\u1eabn v\u1ebd?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean xem m\u00ecnh th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ng\u00e0nh Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1ed1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n bao qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

3. Civil engineer v\u00e0 architect c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 cho nhau kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai ngh\u1ec1 (civil engineer sang architect ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ea3 thi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng sau 2\u20133 n\u0103m b\u1ed5 sung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o<\/strong> n\u1eb1m \u1edf tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c: k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng. C\u1ea3 hai ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, th\u1eed s\u1ee9c qua c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Minh An<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung trong b\u00e0i mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed5ng quan; c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, hai ngh\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (Civil Engineer) …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":14583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[98],"class_list":["post-14543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tu-van-nghe-nghiep","tag-kien-thuc-nganh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14543"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16882,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14543\/revisions\/16882"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}