{"id":14340,"date":"2026-03-17T14:24:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T07:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=14340"},"modified":"2026-05-28T12:16:41","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T05:16:41","slug":"labor-hoarding-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/labor-hoarding-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Labor Hoarding l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong suy tho\u00e1i"},"content":{"rendered":"
Trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n. Labor Hoarding<\/strong> \u2014 t\u1ee9c t\u00edch tr\u1eef lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2014 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean d\u00f9 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh v\u1ec1 Labor Hoarding<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2013 Labor Hoarding (t\u00edch tr\u1eef lao \u0111\u1ed9ng) l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy tho\u00e1i thay v\u00ec sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n \u2013 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19 (2020\u20132022).<\/p>\n \u2013 Doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Labor Hoarding th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00fat ng\u1eafn gi\u1edd l\u00e0m, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thay v\u00ec c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n Labor Hoarding<\/strong> (ph\u00e1t \u00e2m: \/\u02c8le\u026ab\u0259r \u02c8h\u0254\u02d0rd\u026a\u014b\/) l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p duy tr\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Thay v\u00ec sa th\u1ea3i khi doanh thu gi\u1ea3m, c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/p>\n Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960\u20131970 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Arthur Okun quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m nhanh h\u01a1n s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong chu k\u1ef3 suy tho\u00e1i \u2014 h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang “gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i” lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 “Okun’s Law” trong bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ecdn Labor Hoarding thay v\u00ec sa th\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m: chi ph\u00ed tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t cao, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 3\u201312 th\u00e1ng t\u00f9y ng\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (organizational knowledge) t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), chi ph\u00ed thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng 50\u2013200% m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n “Nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i ngay khi c\u1ea7n. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 qua suy tho\u00e1i s\u1ebd t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c nhanh h\u01a1n khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.” \u2014 Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o McKinsey Global Institute, 2023.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 “gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng” \u2014 Labor Hoarding \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Kurzarbeit<\/strong> (l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edd ng\u1eafn) do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Labor Hoarding \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u01a1n 6 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 trong n\u0103m 2020, theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Bundesagentur f\u00fcr Arbeit (C\u01a1 quan Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Li\u00ean bang \u0110\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 68\/NQ-CP n\u0103m 2021, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p duy tr\u00ec lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua g\u00f3i vay tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p tri\u1ec3n khai Labor Hoarding b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m gi\u1edd l\u00e0m v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian “ch\u1edd th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i” \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
<\/figure>\n1. Labor Hoarding l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n?<\/h2>\n
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2. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h2>\n
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\n \nH\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/th>\n M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Gi\u1ea3m gi\u1edd l\u00e0m (Short-time work)<\/td>\n C\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m gi\u1edd l\u00e0m 20\u201350%, gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>\n S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (Job Rotation)<\/td>\n Chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean sang b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n<\/td>\n T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a ng\u00e0nh, logistics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (Upskilling)<\/td>\n D\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng<\/td>\n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ngh\u1ec9 ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (Paid leave buffer)<\/td>\n Cho ngh\u1ec9 ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng thay v\u00ec sa th\u1ea3i<\/td>\n Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1ed1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0110\u00f3ng b\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng (Hiring freeze)<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec3n th\u00eam, gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/td>\n M\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n