{"id":14001,"date":"2026-03-12T08:46:26","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T01:46:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=14001"},"modified":"2026-05-28T12:18:50","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T05:18:50","slug":"nganh-giao-duc-hoc-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/nganh-giao-duc-hoc-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c H\u1ecdc L\u00e0 G\u00ec? H\u1ecdc Xong Ra Tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e0m Ngh\u1ec1 G\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb y\u00eau th\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103n kho\u0103n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o. Ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc<\/strong> (Education Science) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2014 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0129 m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn vi m\u00f4.<\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc (Education Science)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2013 Ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n \u2013 Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o: 4 n\u0103m (b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc); c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea1c s\u0129, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n \u2013 C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u: \u0110H Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u2013 \u0110HQGHN, \u0110HSP H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0110HSP TP.HCM.<\/p>\n \u2013 H\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p: chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n \u2013 C\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd: Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2019 (Lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 43\/2019\/QH14) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n Ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc<\/strong> (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Education Science ho\u1eb7c Educational Studies) l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, quy lu\u1eadt, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2014 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ra sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u1edf b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc bao qu\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn so s\u00e1nh h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 4 n\u0103m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean l\u1edbp m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u2014 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n Kh\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n \u2013 Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (Philosophy of Education) gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Developmental Psychology) cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfp thu tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n \u2013 L\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (Educational Theory) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb Dewey, Vygotsky \u0111\u1ebfn Paulo Freire.<\/p>\n \u2013 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (Sociology of Education) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n \u2013 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (Educational Research Methods) \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra khung t\u01b0 duy l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n Kh\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n \u2013 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (Educational Management) trang b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n \u2013 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (Curriculum Development) \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n \u2013 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (Educational Assessment) h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n \u2013 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (Education Policy) ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2019 (Lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 43\/2019\/QH14) l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa hai kh\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eeba n\u1eafm l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u2014 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng EdTech v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n “Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i x\u00f4, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda.” \u2014 William Butler Yeats. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch kh\u01a1i d\u1eady ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o uy t\u00edn cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
<\/figure>\n1. Ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m<\/h3>\n
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\n \nTi\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\n Ng\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc<\/th>\n Ng\u00e0nh S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/td>\n Chuy\u00ean gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/td>\n Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ph\u1ea1m vi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n R\u1ed9ng: vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c GD, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/td>\n L\u00fd lu\u1eadn GD, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch GD, t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n, th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ngh\u1ec1<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean<\/td>\n C\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n H\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/td>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh (PhD), qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/td>\n Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f3, hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n 2. H\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h3>\n
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C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h3>\n