{"id":11682,"date":"2025-11-05T14:25:16","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T07:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=11682"},"modified":"2026-04-10T15:09:42","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T08:09:42","slug":"random-forest-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/random-forest-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Random Forest l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi Random Forest l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201ckhu r\u1eebng\u201d h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00f4ng minh. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh chinh ph\u1ee5c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\"Random<\/figure>\n

Random Forest l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n

Random Forest<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Leo Breiman<\/strong> v\u00e0 Adele Cutler<\/strong>. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (Decision Trees) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201ckhu r\u1eebng\u201d m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cr\u1eebng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d<\/strong> (d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Random Forest) mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1 tr\u1ef1c quan: \u201cr\u1eebng\u201d t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f2n \u201cng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u1edbp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, Random Forest<\/strong> t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111a s\u1ed1 (voting) ho\u1eb7c trung b\u00ecnh h\u00f3a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e2y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao ngay c\u1ea3 khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec5u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

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Random Forest<\/strong> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tin v\u00e0o th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i quy, gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, Random Forest<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/strong> v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Random Forest<\/h2>\n

Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Random Forest<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201cng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d ch\u00ednh, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bootstrap sampling<\/strong> \u2013 m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00e2y trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 random feature selection<\/strong>, t\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i n\u00fat chia trong c\u00e2y, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng (features) thay v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y c\u00f9ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Sau khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu (v\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i)<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c trung b\u00ecnh h\u00f3a (v\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n h\u1ed3i quy)<\/strong>. Nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, Random Forest<\/strong> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap r\u1eebng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/strong> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Random Forest<\/strong> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. M\u1ed7i tham s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n_estimators<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 max_depth<\/strong>, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb overfitting; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

Tham s\u1ed1 max_features<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n chia n\u00fat. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u00e0ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m sai l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i ra, min_samples_split<\/strong> v\u00e0 min_samples_leaf<\/strong> quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o n\u00fat m\u1edbi, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 oob_score (Out-of-Bag Score)<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cross-validation<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c GridSearchCV<\/strong> nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Random Forest tr\u00ean Python<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai Random Forest<\/strong> trong Python t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1edd th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n scikit-learn<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5u. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ta chia t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n: t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n (training set)<\/strong> v\u00e0 t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (test set)<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 8:2 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh RandomForestClassifier() (v\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i) ho\u1eb7c RandomForestRegressor() (v\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c). Sau khi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o, ta hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng .fit(X_train, y_train) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng .predict(X_test).<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 Accuracy<\/strong>, Precision<\/strong>, Recall<\/strong>, F1-score<\/strong> (cho ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i) ho\u1eb7c Mean Squared Error (MSE)<\/strong> (cho h\u1ed3i quy).<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, Random Forest<\/strong> c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng qua thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh .feature_importances_, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y n\u1ebfu t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u00ean theo d\u00f5i th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cao, r\u1eebng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/strong> trong Python l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eabn c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Random Forest<\/h2>\n

Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, Random Forest<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/strong>, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ee1 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u gian l\u1eadn. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Random Forest<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Trong y t\u1ebf<\/strong>, Random Forest<\/strong> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, gi\u00fap b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong>, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Nh\u1edd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed mua h\u00e0ng, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t truy c\u1eadp hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, Random Forest<\/strong> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong> v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>, n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng cao. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngay c\u1ea3 khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh Random Forest v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

Random Forest<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi Decision Tree<\/strong>, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u01b0u th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a. Trong khi Decision Tree ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb overfitting n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5u, th\u00ec Random Forest<\/strong> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Decision Tree \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Boosting<\/strong> nh\u01b0 XGBoost<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c LightGBM<\/strong>, Random Forest<\/strong> c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Boosting hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edd v\u1eady c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tinh ch\u1ec9nh tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Random Forest<\/strong> hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00e2y song song, cho ph\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn si\u00eau tham s\u1ed1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ef1c s\u00e2u, r\u1eebng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/strong> l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Random Forest<\/h2>\n

D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, Random Forest<\/strong> v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sai l\u1ec7ch n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y (n_estimators<\/strong>) qu\u00e1 \u00edt, khi\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng khi g\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Khi t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i lai ho\u1eb7c ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sai tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn Random Forest<\/strong> d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00f3m chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 OOB error<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c cross-validation<\/strong>, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u overfitting. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, n\u00ean theo d\u00f5i sai s\u1ed1 trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt oversampling ho\u1eb7c SMOTE, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y hay s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, r\u1eebng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho Random Forest l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng dung h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Nh\u1edd c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng minh, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Random Forest<\/strong> v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o: h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed Nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":11684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[64],"class_list":["post-11682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tu-van-nghe-nghiep","tag-it"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11682"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17180,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11682\/revisions\/17180"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}