{"id":11266,"date":"2025-09-11T15:49:08","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T08:49:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/?p=11266"},"modified":"2026-04-10T15:12:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T08:12:13","slug":"eda-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/eda-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"EDA l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u1ea9n sau nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u EDA l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

\"EDA<\/figure>\n

EDA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

EDA, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Exploratory Data Analysis, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 EDA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea John Tukey gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u201ckh\u00e1m ph\u00e1\u201d d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

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EDA ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a m\u1edf ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bi\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh EDA, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda, trong khi ma tr\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi descriptive analysis (ch\u1ec9 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3) hay confirmatory analysis (ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra), EDA t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edf, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, EDA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a EDA trong khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

Trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, EDA \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu coi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, th\u00ec EDA ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a EDA l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 th\u00f4 kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Th\u00f4ng qua tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung, hay c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n sai l\u1ec7ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

EDA c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng AI v\u00e0 Machine Learning. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Nh\u1edd EDA, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, EDA ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u00fap bi\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 (EDA)<\/h2>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh EDA th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc logic, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hay ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e2ng cao. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 file CSV, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL, API ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng sai, thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p b\u1ea3n ghi.<\/p>\n

Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebfu, m\u00e3 h\u00f3a bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i lai. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn. Th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 histogram, boxplot hay scatter plot th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c insight ch\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp theo. Nh\u1edd quy tr\u00ecnh EDA, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4 m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt EDA ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh, trung v\u1ecb, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai hay \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong EDA. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 histogram gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, boxplot h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i lai, scatter plot th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai bi\u1ebfn, trong khi heatmap l\u1ea1i h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t ma tr\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh, trung v\u1ecb hay n\u1ed9i suy th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, EDA c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh (PCA) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, trong khi clustering cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e2ng cao, EDA mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 EDA<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n EDA hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. V\u1edbi Python \u2013 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, Pandas \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng, Matplotlib v\u00e0 Seaborn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, trong khi Plotly mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, pandas-profiling l\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng quan EDA ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i R, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ggplot2 v\u00e0 dplyr l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. ggplot2 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t, c\u00f2n dplyr m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, DataExplorer gi\u00fap t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong EDA. Power BI v\u00e0 Tableau cho ph\u00e9p k\u00e9o th\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng, tr\u1ef1c quan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang: Python v\u00e0 R m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, trong khi Power BI v\u00e0 Tableau l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p linh ho\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap EDA \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1eeba tr\u1ef1c quan trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh EDA v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch EDA v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng khai ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Iris ho\u1eb7c Titanic. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng Python ho\u1eb7c R, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng, s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9t, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u1ede b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Titanic, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u1ed9t \u201cAge\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c trung v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u201cSex\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cEmbarked\u201d s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

Sau khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, trong khi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra nh\u00f3m h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t cao h\u01a1n. Ma tr\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u201cSurvived\u201d.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng insight quan tr\u1ecdng: gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, trong khi h\u1ea1ng v\u00e9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh t\u1ed3n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 minh h\u1ecda s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a EDA trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u1ea9n trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a EDA trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n

EDA kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Trong khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 AI, EDA gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, EDA h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 Data Analyst hay Data Scientist \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o EDA \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ngay c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh EDA s\u1edbm, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy logic, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 EDA l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch, EDA s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed Nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u1ea9n sau nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":11267,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tu-van-nghe-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/59"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11266"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11266\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17288,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11266\/revisions\/17288"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mb668s.com\/cam-nang-7mb66-xoc-dia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}